Heart Failure Management

 Heart Failure Management                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Heart failure, characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, affects millions worldwide. It can be classified as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. Recent developments, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and advanced devices like implantable defibrillators, have transformed management, improving quality of life and reducing hospitalizations. Lifestyle changes, including low-sodium diets, regular exercise, and fluid management, are also critical. Emerging therapies, such as gene editing and stem cell treatments, hold promise for the future of heart failure care.